ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY,
ISLAMABAD
Course : Compulsory English-II (1424 )
Assignment No. 1
Q.No.1
1. They bought an awesome house
around the corner.
They
bought a wonderful house around the corner
2. There were lots of people at the
corner.
There
were many people at the corner
3. Sara ain’t going to tell anyone.
Sara
isn’t going to tell anyone
4. Oscar started freaking out about
the test
Oscar
became anxious about the test
5. When the cops arrived, the crook
ran outside.
When
the police arrived, the criminal ran outside
6. He checked his cell for any
messages.
He
checked his cell phone for any messages.
7. The family chilled by the pool
all afternoon.
The
family relaxed by the swimming pool all afternoon
8. She bought a bunch of stuff at
the mail.
She
bought a lot at the mall.
9. Hi, you alright.
Hi,
you fine
10. I dunno why
I know why.
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Q.No.2 In Unit 2 of your textbook, you
have learnt about the use of Sequence Markers. Narrate the story of your first
visit to a zoo using the sequence markers given in the boxes below. (10)
First
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Second
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Next
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Then
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Afterwards
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Followed by
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Soon after
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Meanwhile
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In the end
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Lastly
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I along with my parents went to
see the zoo. First we bought the tickets and
went inside. Many people had already come to see the animals and birds. Next, we saw a lion. It was grand and
royal. Then we saw some tigers. Afterwards we went to the enclosures
of leopards, elephants, bears and foxes followed by the monkeys and some birds.
The monkeys were jumping from one branch of the tree to another. Some monkeys
were eating bananas. The birds in the zoo were very beautiful. I was very happy
to see the birds. I saw some birds for the first time. Soon after we moved to a tank. It was
full of crocodiles. We also saw some other water birds like ducks and
cranes. Meanwhile we had our snacks. In the end we saw snakes such as pythons
and cobras. Lastly we saw elephants and had a
ride on them. We spent three hours in the zoo and then came back. We enjoyed a
lot in the zoo.
Q.No.3 In Unit 3 you have learnt about
“Classification”. Classification is a technique in which a writer arranges or
categorizes people, places, objects, and ideas into classes or groups. Given
below is a list of nouns. Classify them as common, proper, abstract and
collective nouns. (05)
army
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sugar
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stars
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moon
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love
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cattle
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mosque
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students
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phone
|
address
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Ali
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football
|
major
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angry
|
chairs
|
Peshawar
|
pen
|
water
|
pillow
|
mathematics
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Common Nouns:- Moon, Football, Major, Cattle,
Mosque, Phone, Address, Pen, Water, Pillow
Proper Noun:- Ali, Peshawar, Mathematics.
Abstract Noun:- Love, Angry
Collective Noun:- Army, Sugar, Stars, Chairs,
Students.
Q.No.4
Read the essay given below
carefully and then answer the questions given below (in your own
words). (15)
Humans,
unlike many other animals, are omnivores. We require both vegetable
matter and
meat
to be fully healthy (although some humans manage to survive reasonably
healthily
whilst
consuming no animal products at all, finding their protein mainly
in nuts and seeds).
To
carry out its many complicated functions, the human body
requires different chemicals
and
substances. All of the nutrition we take in can be put in one
of seven categories.
These
are; carbohydrates, proteins, fiber, minerals, vitamins, fats and water.
Carbohydrates
provide
the body with energy. Proteins allow the body to repair itself and
grow. Fiber aids
the
digestive system. Minerals and vitamins are required for many reasons.
Deficiencies in
any
vitamin or mineral can lead to illnesses. Vitamins are essential for
normal growth and
development.
Fats are often unnecessary, and many are bad for you. The body does
not
need
to take in most fats, but the fatty acids omega-3 and omega-6 are
necessary. The body
is
around 70% water. If water is not consumed, the body
will dehydrate. The body loses
water
in excretion, sweating and breathing. It is advised that you should have
a balanced
diet,
taking in food from each of the food groups, in proportion.
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Questions:
1. What are omnivores?
2. What does a human body require to
carry out its functions?
· In how many categories can
nutrition be divided into?
1. What will happen if we don’t
drink water?
2. What is the percentage of water
in human body?
Answer:-
i) What are omnivores?
Omnivores
are those who require both vegetable and meat. Humans are omnivores.
ii) what does a human body
require to carry out its functions?
Human
body requires different chemicals and substances to carry out its functions
iii) In how many categories can nutrition
be divided into?
Nutrition can be divided into
seven categories.
iv) What will happen if we don’t
drink water?
If
we don’t drink water then our bodies will be dehydrated
v) What is the percentage of water in human
body?
70% of water is present in human
body
Q.No.6
In Unit 4 you have learnt about
Cause and Effect writing technique. In the sentences below separate causes and
effects. Follow the
example. (10)
Example: Her
clothes were all wet because of rain.
Cause: because
Effect: His clothes were all wet.
1) The cat jumped into the water to
catch the fish.
2) Smoking effected his health.
3) His arm broke in the accident.
4) Her father died because of
cancer.
5) He was shivering due to fever.
Answer:-
1) The cat jumped into the water to
catch the fish so I went kitchen to fill it up
2) Smoking effected his
health so he had to face many problems
3) His arm broke in the
accident therefore he did not went to school
4) Her father died because of
cancer so he was very upset
5) He was shivering due to
fever as a result of drinking ice cold water
Q.No.7
Write down two possible
causes for each of the following effects. Follow the example. Read Unit 4 for
further
guidance. (20)
Example: Effect: He failed the exam. Why?
Cause1: He was not feeling well during
exam.
Cause
2: He didn’t study hard.
i. Roads are blocked. Why?
ii. Number of children suffering from
polio is decreasing. Why?
iii. He died last week. Why?
iv. His best friend left him. Why?
v. It is going to rain today. Why?
vi. He has lose in business. Why?
vii. Aisha failed the interview. Why?
viii. I broke my cell phone. Why?
1. Roads are blocked Why?
Cause 1
Someone parked his car in centre of road
Cause 2
Due to high rainfall
2. Number of children suffering from
polio is decreasing. Why?
Cause 1Polio awareness has increased
Cause 2Polio teams are going door to
door to make sure children are getting polio drops
3. He died last week. Why?
Cause 1
He had a terrible accident
Cause 2
He was suffering from a cancer
4. His best friend left him. Why?
Cause 1
He was showing great attitude to him
Cause 2
He was not sincere to his friend
5. It is going to rain today. Why?
Cause 1Weather forecast indicates
Cause 2It is thundering and lightening.
6. He has lose in business. Why?
Cause 1
All because of his carelessness
Cause 2
He don’t know how to manage business.
7. Aisha Failed the interview. Why?
Cause 1She was not prepared
Cause 2She lose her confidence
8. I broke my cell phone. Why?
Cause 1It was not working properly.
Cause 2It was already broken a little
کی طرف سے مفت مہیا کی جا رہی ہے
- duniaphotostat.blogspot.com یہ مشق
Q.No.8
Write down a Cause and Effect
essay of around 250 words on the given topic. Read Unit 4 for learning how to
write Cause and Effect
essays. (20)
Decline of Ethics in Pakistani
Politics
“Decline of Ethics in Pakistani
Politics”
Society’s
accustomed positive ethical values evolve traditions which transcend to
customary law of the land. Although, such laws existed throughout the history
of mankind but various religions and school of thoughts overtime helped to
establish balance in society by delivering framework to maintain the balance in
society i.e., equality, social justice and freedom.
Islamic
principles and lessons for code of life embed highest standard of ethics and
moral values, currently in practice mostly by the developed world and western
societies. In contrast, Muslim societies since past few decades suffer from
malicious cancer which originated from tumors of dishonesty, injustice and
inequality. Amazingly, the combined effect of ethical environment on economic
prosperity is measurable and GDP per Capita reflects our position with respect
to other countries.
The
use of abusive language, the hurling of baseless and damaging accusations, and
the mocking of opponents have already been accepted as political norms in
Pakistan. Ironically, all this is done in the name of upholding morality. While
such practices are more or less part of the political culture of all South
Asian nations, Pakistan in particular, the morality tool is used by the powers
that be to legitimise or delegitimise certain political actors.
Interestingly,
in the local diction of politics, the antonym of morality is not immorality,
but corruption. Politics and politicians are deemed immoral because they are
corrupt, and loot and misuse public money. Veteran politician Javed Hashmi is
spot-on when he criticises the selective, opaque and subjective accountability
of politicians. Corruption is a disease and a crime and whoever commits it must
be brought to justice. Yet employing a selective morality approach entails the
risk of not only blurring the political and legal domains, but also providing
political space to the apolitical.
Different
groups seek power and legitimacy through developing their own moral orders.
The
morality issue — including imposing one’s idea of morality on others — is
complex and widespread in Pakistan, and not confined to politics alone. While
its varying shades reflect in our behaviours, different institutions use it in
multiple contexts. Morality is a social value, which can extract legitimacy
from religion, social contract or cultural norms, but it cannot be an
alternative to the rule of law. Academically, the rule of law is distinguished
from democracy, human rights, and social justice. The rule of law does not
challenge morality and neither does it intervene in political or democratic
processes. But power elites confuse the rule of law with morality, believing
that authoritarian structures can be sustained only on moral grounds.
Where
does the public stand in the debate over the rule of law and morality? The
PML-N leadership is using the argument that it is the right of the people to
decide the fate of the government through the electoral process. However,
public support cannot be an alternative to the supremacy of the law, as people
choose a government to govern under the Constitution and the rule of law.
Secondly, electoral accountability applies to government performance, not to an
individual’s conduct in violating the rule of law.
Different
groups and institutions seek power and legitimacy through developing their own
moral orders. Religious segments consider themselves the custodians of
morality, mainly in the social and religious domains. Security circles — and
now the judiciary, too — feel an obligation to establish a political moral
order.
Neither challenges the other; rather they have developed a compatibility with
each other’s moral orders.
It
is well known that religious-political parties have political stakes as well,
and differ with the establishment on certain issues. Yet their differences
remain confined to a manageable domain where both try to avoid breaking up the
system. The consensus on the Legal Framework Order between the military regime
and the religious parties’ alliance, the Muttahida Majlis-i-Amal (MMA), in
2002, which allowed Gen Musharraf to continue ruling in military uniform, is an
example. In return, the MMA not only saved its provincial governments in the
then NWFP (KP) and Balochistan, but also saved from disqualification those of
its members of parliament whose madressah degrees were not compatible with
university graduation degrees.
In
the NWFP, the MMA government tried to expand the outreach of its moral order
through the introduction of the Hasba bill (Sharia implementation bill) in
2003, but this was challenged and nullified by the Supreme Court. It was an
attempt to codify their moral order into a legal framework, but it was a breach
of their determined role and power elites stopped the party from doing so. In
subsequent years, religious parties stuck to their main role in the social and
religious domains, and the power elites hardly disturbed them when they
demonstrated their moral order on the streets.
Political
parties, however, do not fit into this equation of partnership with the
security establishment. They are reminded time and again that they must be
subservient to the security establishment, particularly when they try to
‘assert’ themselves — at times even in the areas the Constitution puts them in
charge of. The MMA’s attempt to legalise its moral order was foiled, but the
establishment had already succeeded in codifying its moral order through
introducing amendments in Articles 62 and 63 of the Constitution in 1985.
There
does exist a body that can become a bridge between institutions — parliament.
Ironically, the ruling party has remained indifferent to parliament, which has
also provided space to apolitical forces to outclass the government using the
morality argument.
The
moral question becomes more dangerous when parliament is not given sovereign
status by the power elites, including political forces. This, however, does not
harm anyone more than the political parties themselves, the political process
and above all, the ruling party. When parliament does not take the lead in
shaping the narratives and managing conflicts, it creates grey areas that
anyone can exploit. The political leadership should have the ability to
identify the grey areas, rather than operating in this murky space.
The
current political crisis also presents an opportunity to the political
leadership to review their actions. The ruling parties in particular should
amend their approach of undermining parliament. This is the parliament that can
review Articles 62 and 63 of the Constitution and establish parity among
institutions while strengthening the rule of law, accountability, and
transparency.
On
paper, the supremacy of parliament seems attractive; but in practice, political
parties avoid making it their source of strength and prefer to play on the
morally high political ground. Perhaps, it is easier to challenge opponents
than the status quo.
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Q.No.9
We are sure you have read how to
skim a text in order to obtain the gist or general idea of the text. Read the
text given below and answer the questions given at the
end. (10)
Most of the
time, when we see a dog wagging its tail, it is friendly and wants to be
petted. However,
this is
not always true. A wagging tail only shows us that the dog is excited, not
that it is hap. A tail
that is
high like a flag and wagging means that the dog is showing you that is boss.
You wouldn’t
want to
pet that dog. A dog that is holding its tail down low and moving it in short
wags may be
afraid. A
scared dog might try to protect itself from danger and it might think that
you are danger.
It is
best not to try to pet this dog either. A dog whose tail is about halfway up,
and wagging, is a
dog
that may be okay to pet. Make sure you check with the owner first to see if
it is okay.
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i. What is the article about?
ii. Who will be the possible readers
of the article?
iii. Write down the gist of the
article in two lines.
iv. Suggest a suitable title for the
article.
v. What message did you get from it?
Answer:-
1) Article is about a pet dog
2) Those who want to keep dog as a
pet will be possible readers.
3) Tail of a dog gives an idea about
its attitude, behavior and characteristics. Be careful while selecting a dog as
a pet and check with its owner first.
4) Selecting Dog as a Pet
5) It tells us about various kinds
of dogs and which we should keep as a pet
